DEVELOPABLE SURFACES:

The CONE, CYLINDER and PLANE are developable geometric shapes. The curved surface of the Earth can be projected on to these shapes that can be unrolled to make a flat map.

PLANAR PROJECTIONS

The AZIMUTHAL family of projections, also called ZENITHAL or PLANAR, is produced by transforming the Earth's surface onto a plane.

The types are distinguished from each other by the different perspective points used to construct them.

q For the GNOMONIC projection, the perspective point (like a source of light rays), is the center of the Earth.

q For the STEREOGRAPHIC this point is the opposite pole to the point of tangency, and

q For the ORTHOGRAPHIC the perspective point is an infinite point in space on the opposite side of the Earth. 

INTERRUPTED PROJECTIONS

Goode's Homolosine Equal-area projection, with the oceans interrupted to show the continents.

Miller’s cylindrical world map projection. 

Eckert IV equal-area world map projection.

Sinusoidal equal-area world map projection. 

Gnomonic azimuthal projection (of Canada) . 

Lambert conformal conic projection (Canada).

Mercator projection (Canada). 

EARTHQUAKE ZONES

MAP OF THE WORLD

Properties retained by Projection Types

	Equal-area	Equidistant	Azimuthal	Conformal
Equal-area	----	No	Yes	No
Equidistant	No	----	Yes	No
Azimuthal	Yes	Yes	----	Yes
Conformal	No	No	Yes	----